Calbindins are Ca-binding proteins belonging to the troponin C superfamily. There are two types of CaBPs: the "trigger"- and the "buffer"-CaBPs. The conformation of "trigger" type CaBPs changes upon Ca2+ binding and exposes regions on protein that interact with target molecules, thus altering their activity. The buffer-type CABP are thought to control the intracellular calcium concentration. Parvalbumin (PARV, PVALB or oncomodulin) is a high affinity low mol wt (~12kD) cytoplasmic protein belonging to the troponin C superfamily. It is expressed in high levels only in fast-contracting muscles and at lower levels in brain and several endocrine tissues. PARV has two isoforms: alpha (rat/mouse/human: 110aa, 7p13-p11) and beta form (mouse/rat/human: 109aa) shares ~48% identity (mouse PARVs). The PARV-alpha is less acidic (pI=5) than the beta isoform and has an additional amino acid in the C-terminal helix. PARV-alpha is also expressed in inner ear. PARV-beta isoform is expressed in many fetal tissues, placenta and tumors.
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