Halochondrine A, CCRIS 3329, HSDB 7243, 9,10-Deepithio-9,10-didehydroacanthifolicin

Non-phorbol type tumor promoter. Reversible, potent and selective serine threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor. PP2A (IC50=0. 2-1nM), PP1 (IC50=3-15nM), PP2B (IC50=>1µM). Does not inhibit PP2C. Stimulates intracellular protein phosphorylation. Useful tool for studying cellular processes that are regulated by phosphorylation. Does not affect activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and tyrosine phosphatase. Mimics the effects of insulin. Activates atypical protein kinase C (zeta/lambda) in 3T3/L1 adipocytes. Enhances transmitter release at neuromuscular junctions. Apoptosis inhibitor. Induces apoptosis in human breast carcinoma cells (MB-231 and MCF-7) and in myeloid cells. Neurotoxic. Used to study various cellular processes including cell cycle, apoptosis, nitric oxide metabolism and calcium signaling. Stimulates cell motility, loss of stabilization of focal adhesions and a consequent loss of cytoskeletal organization.