P44/42 MAPK (Erk1 and Erk2), p38 MAPK and SAPK function in protein kinase cascades that play a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation and the control of cellular responses to cytokines and stress. p44/42 MAPK (Erk1 and Erk2) are activated by growth and neurotrophic factors. Activation occurs through phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine (202 and 204 of human MAP kinase [Erk1]) at the sequence T*EY* by a single upstream MAP kinase kinase (MEK). MEK1/2 Inhibitor (U0126) inhibits activation of MEK1 and MEK2 with IC50 values of 4uM and 50uM, respectively. SAPK and p38 MAPK are activated by inflammatory cytokines and a wide variety of cellular stresses. Activation of SAPK occurs via phosphorylation at Thr183 and Tyr185 by the dual specificity enzyme SEK/MKK4. Both MKK3 and SEK phosphorylate p38 MAPK on tyrosine and threonine at the sequence T*GY* resulting in p38 activation. Phospho-MAPK Family Antibody Sampler Kit contains 40ul of each primary antibody [Phospho-p44/42 MAPK (Thr202/Tyr204), Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185), Phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182)], 50ul of anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (HRP conjugated) and 0.3mg of MEK1/2 Inhibitor (U0126).