(αS,2S)-α-[[(3S)-3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl]amino]-2-carboxy-1-azetidinebutanoic Acid; [2S-[1[αR*(R*)],2R*]]-α-[(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)amino]-2-carboxy- 1-azetidinebutanoic Acid

Phytosiderophores are produced in higher plants as iron chelating amino acids that promote uptake of iron from soil. Nicotianamine is a metal chelator and phytosiderophore precursor produced in plants that has a role in the uptake, translocation, and intracellular transport of metals.1 Treating lettuce (L. sativa) with a Cu(OH)2-based pesticide raises nicotianamine levels 12- to 27-fold compared to non-pesticide treated plants.2 Nicotianamine also inhibits rabbit angiotensin-coverting enzyme (ACE) (IC50 = 0.26 uM) and human recombinant ACE2 (IC50 = 84 nM).3,4