CD284, Toll-like receptor 5

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are highly conserved throughout evolution and have been implicated in the innate defense to many pathogens. In Drosophila toll is required for the anti-fungal response, while the related 18-wheeler is involved in antibacterial defenses. In mammals, TLR identified as type I transmembrane signaling receptors with pattern recognition capabilities, have been implicated in the innate host defense to pathogens. TLR4 (CD284) has been identified next to MD-2 and CD14 as a receptor that is central to the innate immune response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria.