Mouse Viperin is a 42kD protein belonging to the RSAD2 family. Viperin is the abbreviation of Virus inhibitory protein endoplasmic reticulum-associated interferon-inducible. It is an evolutionary conserved protein that is highly inducible by both type I and type II interferons. However, little or no induction by interferon gamma is observed in monocytic cell lines. Infection by many viruses, including human cytomegalovirus (hCMV), hepatitis C virus, yellow fever virus and Sendai virus, strongly induces viperin expression, suggesting a role in the host antiviral response. Viperin has also been shown to be important for the host anti-HIV responses. Furthermore, expression of viperin inhibits influenza replication by perturbing its release from the plasma membrane. Viperin expression alters plasma membrane fluidity by affecting formation of lipid rafts which are detergent-resistant membrane microdomains known to be the sites of influenza virus budding. HCMV infection induces the redistribution of viperin from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex and ultimately to cytoplasmic vacuoles, suggesting that viperin may function at a distinct level in the viral lifecycle, at the point of glycosylated viral protein transport.